Effect of Cissus quadrangularis on Fracture Healing in Laboratory Animal / Efeito do Cissus quadrangularis na cicatrização de fraturas em animais de laboratório

Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the efficacy of Cissus quadrangularis paste on fracture healing in artificially induced fractured rabbits. Methods: Fifteen rabbits were separated into three groups namely A, B, and C. Veldt grape paste was applied in groups B and C (Treatment Group) by close reduction and open reduction methods of fracture management; respectively, while group A was kept as control. The blood parameter and fracture healing properties in all animals have been monitored and examined routinely during the study period. Results: Both treated groups revealed lower serum calcium levels (SCL) than the control group after 24 hours of fracture that became within the normal range on the 14th day. Fracture healing in the treated groups has been commenced more rapidly than the control group with complete bridging of discontinuity by a distinct osseous callus in the fracture line on day 7 and complete effacing of fracture line on day 14. Conclusion: We did not find any type of anomalousness, clinical deviations, and alteration of serum calcium level on the 14th day of the fracture in treated animals hence Veldt Grape paste could be readily applicable to the management of the fracture in animals.

Objetivos: avaliar a eficácia da pasta de Cissus quadrangularis na consolidação de fraturas em coelhos fraturados artificialmente. Metodos: quinze coelhos foram separados em três grupos (A, B e C). A pasta foi aplicada nos grupos B e C (Grupo de Tratamento) pelos métodos de redução fechada e redução aberta de gerenciamento de fraturas; respectivamente. O grupo A foi mantido como controle. O parâmetro sanguíneo e as propriedades de cicatrização de fraturas em todos os animais foram monitorados e examinados, rotineiramente, durante o período do estudo. Resultados: ambos os grupos tratados revelaram níveis séricos de cálcio (SCL) mais baixos do que o grupo controle, após 24 horas de fratura que se tornou normal no 14º dia. A cicatrização da fratura nos grupos tratados foi iniciada mais rapidamente do que o grupo controle, com ponte completa de descontinuidade por um calo ósseo distinto na linha de fratura no dia 7 e apagamento completo da linha de fratura no dia 14. Conclusao: não encontramos nenhum tipo de anomalia, desvios clínicos e alteração do nível sérico de cálcio no 14º dia da fratura nos animais tratados, portanto, a pasta Veldt Grape pode ser aplicável ao manejo da fratura em animais.

Dental treatment before surgery in a patient with cleft lip and palate: case report / Efeito do Cissus quadrangularis na cicatrização de fraturas em animais de laboratório

Introduction: orofacial clefts are common congenital malformations with an important social, psychological, and economic impact. The treatment of this condition may include different surgical procedures that previously require an adequate oral condition. Case report: we report a case of dental treatment before palatoplasty in a male patient of 17 years-old with bilateral cleft lip and palate and lesion in the jugal mucosa. Final considerations: the adequacy of the oral environment is a fundamental step in the treatment of patients with orofacial clefts and aims to restore oral health regardless of the degree of complexity of the dental treatment through the reduction of the pathogenic microbiota, elimination of retentive niches, instructions on diet and adequate oral hygiene and constant patient motivation.

Objetivos: as fissuras orofaciais são malformações congênitas comuns, com importante impacto social, psicológico e econômico. O tratamento dessa condição pode incluir vários procedimentos cirúrgicos que requerem previamente uma adequada condição bucal. Relato de caso: Relatamos o caso de tratamento odontológico prévio a palatoplastia em um paciente do gênero masculino de 17 anos de idade, com fissura transforame incisivo bilateral e lesão em mucosa jugal. Considerações finais: A adequação do meio bucal é uma etapa fundamental no tratamento de pacientes com fissuras orofaciais e visa restabelecer a saúde bucal independente do grau de complexidade do tratamento odontológico por meio da redução da microbiota patogênica, eliminação de nichos retentivos, orientações sobre dieta e higiene bucal adequada e motivação constante do paciente.

The suspending properties of Cissus rubiginosa fruit mucilage in paracetamol suspension formulation

Background: Materials with suspending properties like mucilage have been obtained from natural sources and used to stabilize liquid formulations containing poorly dispersible solids.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the suspending properties of Cissus rubiginosa fruit mucilage (CRM) in paracetamol oral suspension.Materials and Methods: Paracetamol suspensions containing 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 %w/v CRM were prepared and compared with suspensions formulated with same concentrations of compound tragacanth (CT). The sedimentation volume, ease of re-dispersibility, effect of shear rate on viscosity, flow rate and drug release pattern were studied as assessment parameters.Results: Characterization studies of the suspensions revealed that there was a corresponding increase in the viscosity of the suspension with increase in the concentration of the gum. Paracetamol suspension having CRM had significantly higher viscosity (p<0.05) compared to those containing CT. The viscosities of all suspensions decreased with increase in shear rate. There was decrease in flow rate as the viscosity of the suspension increased.Paracetamol suspensions containing CRM were easily re-dispersible with minimum agitation at concentration less than 1.0 %. Drug release from the suspension containing 0.5 % CRM was rapid while release from suspension containing higher concentrations of CRM occurred at a later time, eliciting a delay in drug release.Conclusion: This study has been able to elucidate the ability of Cissus rubiginosa fruit mucilage to act as a suspending agent in pharmaceutical suspensions

Atividade antifúngica das folhas de Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata frente a Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis e Candida tropicalis / Antifungal activity of the leaves of Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata against Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis

A espécie vegetal Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata é conhecida como "Insulina vegetal" eutilizada na medicina popular no tratamento da diabetes mellitus. O paciente diabético tem maior risco de infecções urinárias e Candida spp. é o principal gênero envolvido. Avaliou-se a atividade antifúngica do extrato hidroalcoólico e de suas frações frente aCandida albicans ATCC 18804, Candida krusei ATCC 6258, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 e Candida tropicalis ATCC 750. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que folhas de C. verticillata verticillata têm potencial antifúngico promissor nas frações diclorometano e clorofórmio, com concentração inibitória mínima de 125 μg/mL em C. krusei e em C. tropicalis respectivamente. São necessários novos testes com constituintes químicos isolados dessas frações, buscando atividade superior na inibição do crescimento de Candida spp.

The specie Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata is known as "Vegetable insulin" and is used in popular medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The diabetic patient has a greater risk of urinary infections, and Candida spp. is the main gender involved. Was evaluated, the antifungal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract and its fractions against Candida albicans ATCC 18804, Candida krusei ATCC 6258, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 750. The results indicated that leaves of C. verticillata verticillata has promising potential antifungal in fractions diclormetano andchloroform, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 μg/mL in C. krusei and C. tropicalis respectively. We need new tests with chemical constituents of these fractions isolated, seeking higher activity in inhibiting the growth of Candida spp.

Evaluación fotohemolítica in vitro de Cissus sicyoides L y Achyranthes aspera L / In vitro photohemolytic assessment of Cissus sicyoides L y Achyranthes aspera

Los eritrocitos son células útiles para la identificación de agentes potencialmente fototóxicos administrados por vía sistémica, así como para el estudio de los mecanismos de fototoxicidad que involucran procesos de estrés oxidativo. OBJETIVO: evaluar el efecto fotohemolítico de extractos blandos de partes aéreas de Cissus sicyoides L (Vitaceae) y Achyranthes aspera L (Amaranthaceae). MÉTODOS: se utilizó un protocolo in vitro que emplea como modelo biológico eritrocitos humanos, los que se irradian con luz ultravioleta durante 90 min para evaluar el daño en las membranas eritrocitarias, por detección de hemoglobina liberada al medio. RESULTADOS: se observó un leve grado de hemólisis, el efecto fotohemolítico fue inferior a los controles positivos. CONCLUSIONES: los extractos de las plantas se clasificaron como no irritantes, lo cual sugiere que la hemólisis observada puede ser causada por la inestabilidad de la membrana del eritrocito, debido a la presencia de diferentes metabolitos en los extractos estudiados

Erythrocytes are useful cells to identify potentially phototoxic agents provided by systemic administration as well as to study the phototoxicity mechanisms involving oxidative stress processes. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the photohemolytic effect of soft extracts from aerial parts of Cissus sicyoides L (Vitaceae) and Achyranthes aspera L (Amaranthaceae). METHODS: an in vitro protocol using human erythrocytes as biological model; they were ultraviolet light-radiated for 90 minutes to evaluate damage in erythrocyte membranes on the basis of detected hemoglobin released into the medium. RESULTS: mild hemolysis was observed, being the photohemolytic effect lower than that of positive controls. CONCLUSIONS: the extracts from these plants were rated as non-irritating, which suggests that observed hemolysis may be caused by unstable erythrocyte membranes resulting from the existence of different metabolites in the studied extracts

Calogênese em Cissus sicyoides L. a partir de segmentos foliares visando à produção de metabólitos in vitro / Calluses from Cissus sicyoides L. leaves

Os metabólitos secundários são essencialmente produzidos e extraídos a partir de plantas cultivadas no campo sobre a influência de variações sazonais. A utilização de técnicas biotecnológicas apresenta-se como um recurso alternativo para a produção de fármacos. Dentre essas técnicas, destaca-se a cultura de tecidos através da calogênese, uma vez que o crescimento de calos é desejável para induzir variação somaclonal e estudos fisiológicos, principalmente quando se deseja relacionar a presença de metabólitos secundários com o crescimento celular. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer um protocolo de calogênese de Cissus sicyoides L., a partir de segmentos foliares visando à produção de metabólitos in vitro. Para o estabelecimento in vitro, foram utilizados como explantes, segmentos foliares retirados de planta adulta cultivada em campo. Após desinfestação, o material foi inoculado em meio MT + 1,0 mg L-1 ANA e mantido em câmara de crescimento tipo BOD, com temperatura e luminosidade controladas. Após 30 dias foram avaliados a porcentagem de explantes sobreviventes e de contaminação. Para o cultivo utilizou-se o meio MT + 1,0 mg L-1 ANA, variando-se as concentrações de BAP em 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 12,0 mg L-1. No cultivo avaliou-se o número de calos compactos e friáveis. Para o primeiro e segundo subcultivo o material foi introduzido em meio MT + 1,0 mg L-1 ANA variando-se as mesmas concentrações de BAP, sendo avaliados o número de calos friáveis formados e o tamanho da massa de calos. Foi obtido ainda o número de repetições formadas no decorrer dos subcultivos, peso da matéria fresca (g) e seca (g). Em seguida, foram realizados os testes fitoquímicos para identificação de alguns constituintes. Concluiu-se que o tempo e a concentração de hipoclorito de sódio utilizado, mostraram-se pouco eficientes para a desinfestação. Para a calogênese de Cissus sicyoides L. a partir de segmento foliar faz-se necessário a adição de 6,0 mg L-1 de BAP ao meio de cultivo ...

Secondary metabolites are essentially produced and extracted from plants grown in the field under influence of seasonal variations. The use of biotechnological techniques is an alternative resource for drug production. Among these techniques, tissue culture through callus genesis is highlighted, since callus growth is desirable to induce somaclonal variation and physiological studies, especially when the presence of secondary metabolites can be related to cell growth. The aim of this work was to establish a protocol for Cissus sicyoides L. callus genesis from leaf segments in order to produce metabolites in vitro. Thus, leaf segments removed from adult plants grown in the field were used as explants. After disinfestation, the material was inoculated into MT medium + 1.0 mg L-1 NAA and kept in a BOD chamber, with controlled temperature and luminosity. After 30 days, the percentage of surviving explants and the percentage of contamination were evaluated. For culture, MT medium + 1.0 mg L-1 NAA was used, varying BAP concentrations: 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 12.0 mg L-1. In the cultivation, the number of compact and friable calluses was counted. For the first and second subculture, the material was introduced into MT medium + 1.0 mg L-1 NAA, varying the same BAP concentrations; the number of friable calluses formed and the size of callus mass were described. The number of replicates formed during subcultures, and fresh and dry matter (g) were also obtained. Then, phytochemical tests were done in order to identify some compounds. The adopted time and concentration of sodium hypochlorite proved to be inefficient for disinfestation. For Cissus sicyoides L. callus genesis from leaf segments, the addition of 6.0 mg L-1 BAP to the culture medium is needed. Cardiotonic heterosides were detected in Cissus sicyoides L. calluses.

Petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (Linn. ) enhances bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and facilitates osteoblastogenesis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis on the proliferation rate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the differentiation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts (osteoblastogenesis) and extracellular matrix calcification. This study also aimed to determine the additive effect of osteogenic media and Cissus quadrangularis on proliferation, differentiation and calcification. METHODS: MSCs were cultured in media with or without Cissus quadrangularis for 4 weeks and were then stained for alkaline phosphatase. Extracellular matrix calcification was confirmed by Von Kossa staining. marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultures in control media and osteogenic media supplemented with Cissus quadrangularis extract (100, 200, 300 µg/mL) were also subjected to a cell proliferation assay (MTT). RESULTS: Treatment with 100, 200 or 300 µg/mL petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis enhanced the differentiation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells into ALP-positive osteoblasts and increased extracellular matrix calcification. Treatment with 300 µg/mL petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis also enhanced the proliferation rate of the marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cells grown in osteogenic media containing Cissus quadrangularis exhibited higher proliferation, differentiation and calcification rates than did control cells. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Cissus quadrangularis stimulates osteoblastogenesis and can be used as preventive/alternative natural medicine for bone diseases such as osteoporosis.

Cissus Sicyoides como hipoglicemiante en ratones normoglicèmicos / Cissus sicyoides as hypoglycaemic in normoglycemic mice

Introducciòn: Cissus sicyoides (insulina vegetal) es utilizado en nuestro paìs, y su uso popular para disminuir el azùcar no ha sido muy estudiado hasta estos dìas. Teniendo en consideraciòn su fàcil cultivo y su relativa inocuidad, ha sido de interès nuestro investigar esta posible acciòn, dada la elevada frecuencia en nuestro paìs de la Diabetes Mellitus. Objetivo: lnvestigar el efecto hipoglicemiante del Cissus sicyoides (insulina vegetal). Materiales y Mètodos: Modelo experimental aleatorizado completamente controlado, en ratones suizos albinos machos adultos (n=10) para medir los efectos hipoglicemiantes del Cissus sicyoides. Fueron separados en grupo Cissus (n=5) y grupo Control (n=5), al grupo Cissus se le administrò una infusiòon de Cissus sicyoides (1 g por 50 ml.) de acuerdo a su peso (0,1 ml/kg) 1 vez por dìa, durante 13 dìas por cànula endoesofàgica y se les registrò la glicemia los dìas O-7-11 y 20, mediante tiras reactivas de Glucosa capilar. Resultados: En la mediciòn de glucosa del dìa 20 hallamos que el promedio registrado para el Grupo Cissus (n=3) fue de 39 ±13,7 mg/dl y para el Grupo Control (n=4) 117 ± 23,2 mg/dl. Al realizar el test de Student con los resultados obtenidos en la segunda y tercera semana èste revelò en ambos asociaciòn no significativa entre nivel de glicemia y consumo de Cissus sicyoides (Para á< 0,05 y á< 0,01 ). A pesar de ello, observamos que el promedio de glicemia del grupo Cissus fue disminuyendo a lo largo del estudio. Conclusion: Los resultados justifican el uso popular de C. sicyoides, apuntando el beneficio potencial de un extracto acuoso de esta planta como medicina alternativa, y como parte de un tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo II. En Paraguay, muchas personas diabèticas lo utilizan como fitoterapia de manera habitual para el control de su diabetes como infusiòn, mate o terere

Avaliação do efeito hipoglicemiante de Cissus sicyoides em estudos clínicos fase II / Evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of Cissus sicyoides in phase II clinical trials

O estudo objetivou realizar ensaios clínicos de fase II com o infuso das folhas de Cissus sicyoides L (Vitaceae) para investigar a eficácia terapêutica desse vegetal em voluntárias intolerantes à glicose (GIG n = 14) e diabéticas (GD n = 12) entre 30 e 59 anos de idade no Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley/UFPB. O chá foi preparado com 1g do pó das folhas secas, diluído em 150 mL de água quente por 10 minutos (uso popular), dose única, por um período de 7 dias (fase aguda). No GIG verificou-se a interação entre a glicemia e a insulina através do Teste Oral de Tolerância à Glicose, sem e com a ingestão do infuso. A glicemia e insulinemia foram determinadas nos tempos 0, 1, 2 e 3 h. Para o GD avaliou-se a variação espontânea da glicemia (em jejum e em repouso nos tempos 0, 1, 2 e 3 h) e o perfil glicêmico (antes e 2 h após as refeições) na ausência e na presença do chá. No GIG, o chá das folhas teve atividade hipoglicemiante significativa aos 120 minutos, porém, não houve aumento da insulinemia, além da fisiológica, sugerindo que esse efeito não ocorreu por liberação ou secreção da mesma. No GD o infuso não apresentou efeito hipoglicemiante significativo.

This study aimed to perform Phase II clinical trials with the infusion of the leaves of Cissus sicyoides L to investigate its therapeutic effectiveness in glucose-intolerant (GIG n = 14) and in type 2 diabetic (GD n = 12) volunteers, 30 to 59 years old, at Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley/UFPB. The tea was prepared with 1g of dust falling leaves diluted in 150 mL of hot water for 10 minutes (popular usage), in single doses, for 7 days (acute phase). In the GIG, the interaction between the glicemy and the insulin was verified through two oral tests of glucose tolerance, with and without infusion's ingestion. The glicemy and the insulinemy were determined at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours. For GD, the spontaneous variation of glicemy (during fasting and resting periods, at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours), and the glicemic profile (before and 2 hours after meals) were evaluated in the absence and in the presence of the tea. For GIG, the tea of the leaves revealed considerable hypoglycemic activity at 120 minutes; however there was no insulinemy increase, beyond the physiological, suggesting that this effect did not happen because of insulinemy's liberation or secretion. For GD, the tea did not demonstrate considerable hypoglycemic activity.

Free radical scavenging profile and myeloperoxidase inhibition of extracts from antidiabetic plants: Bauhinia forficata and Cissus sicyoides

There is abundant evidence that reactive oxygen species are implicated in several physiological and pathological processes. To protect biological targets from oxidative damage, antioxidants must react with radicáis and other reactive species faster than biological substrates do. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts from leaves of Bauhinia forficata Link (Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae) and Cissus sicyoides L. (Vitaceae) (two medicinal plants used popularly in the control of diabetes mellitus), using several different assay systems, namely, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) decolorization, superoxide anión radical (0(2)•-) scavenging and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. In the ABTS assay for total antioxidant activity, B. forficata showed IC50 = 8.00±0.07 μg/mL, while C. sicyoides showed IC50 = 13.0±0.2 μg/mL. However, the extract of C. sicyoides had a stronger effect on 0(2)•- (IC50 = 60.0±2.3 μg/mL) than the extract of B. forficata (IC50 = 90.0±4.4 μg/ mL). B. forficata also had a stronger inhibitory effect on MPO activity, as measured by guaiacol oxidation, than C. sicyoides. These results indicate that aqueous extracts of leaves of B. forficata and C. sicyoides are a potential source of natural antioxidants and may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress.

Petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (LINN) stimulates the growth of fetal bone during intra uterine developmental period: a morphometric analysis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect Cissus quadrangularis plant petroleum ether extract on the development of long bones during the intra-uterine developmental stage in rats. METHODS: Pregnant rats (n=12) were randomly assigned into either a control group (n=6) or a Cissus quadrangularis treatment (n=6) group. Pregnant rats in the Cissus quadrangularis group were treated with Cissus quadrangularis petroleum ether extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight from gestation day 9 until delivery. The animals in the control group received an equal volume of saline. Newborn pups were collected from both groups for alizarin red S - alcian blue staining to differentiate ossified and unossified cartilage. The ossified cartilage (bone) was morphometrically analyzed using Scion image software. RESULTS: Morphometric analysis revealed that the percentage of the total length of ossified cartilage (bone) in pups born to treated dams was significantly higher (P<0.001- -0.0001) than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that maternal administration of Cissus quadrangularis petroleum ether extract during pregnancy can stimulate the development of fetal bone growth during the intra-uterine developmental period.

The anticonvulsant and sedative properties of stems of Cissus quadrangularis in mice

Cissus quadrangularis Linn grows in Savannah areas in Africa (Cameroon; Mali; Mauritania; Senegal; etc). In traditional medicine; the plant is used to treat anorexia; asthma; sickle cells; colds; pains; malaria; asthma and as an analgesic. In vivo animal models of epilepsy (maximal electroshock; n-methyl -d-aspartate; pentylenetetrazol; isonicotinic hydrazid acid and strychnine -induced convulsions or turning behavior) and insomnia (diazepam -induced sleep) were used. The aqueous extract of the stems of C. quadrangularis strongly increased the total sleep time induced by diazepam (50 mg/kg i.p.). It also protected mice against maximal electroshock; pentylenetetrazol; strychnine and n-methyl-d-aspartate-induced seizures or turning behavior and delayed the onset time of seizures induced by isonicotinic hydrazid acid. The results lead to the conclusion that the extract of C. quadrangularis possesses anticonvulsant and sedative properties in mice and could explain its use in traditional medicine in Africa; in the treatment of insomnia and epilepsy

Estudo toxicológico pré-clínico agudo com o extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de Cissus sicyoides L. (Vitaceae) / Acute pre-clinical toxicological study with the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Cissus sicyoides L. (Vitaceae)

O estudo objetivou realizar ensaio toxicológico pré-clínico inicial para investigar a toxicidade da planta. Na investigação da DL50 foram utilizados grupos de camundongos Swiss machos (n = 10) submetidos a doses de 5,0 g/kg, via oral, e dose de 2,0 g/kg por via intraperitoneal, da fração aquosa das folhas (FAF) de Cissus sicyoides L. Foi retirado sangue através do plexo braquial após sete dias, para análise laboratorial de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos. No estudo anatomopatológico, os animais foram examinados macro e microscopicamente, com ressecção de pulmão, coração, fígado e rins. Para análise dos dados foram utilizadas técnicas de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Na avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos dos camundongos Swiss, foram detectadas alterações nas transaminases AST e ALT e na fosfatase alcalina (FAL), caracterizando as alterações hepáticas demonstradas no estudo histopatológico. Na avaliação histológica do fígado de camundongos, evidenciou-se hepatite reacional com portite linfocitária crônica e lobular multifocal, hiperplasia kupferiana, colapsos focais da trama reticular, ausência de fibrose portal e lobular. O estudo toxicológico pré-clínico agudo demonstrou em camundongos alterações hepáticas.

The aim of the study was to carry through pre-clinical toxicological assay to analyze the toxicity of the plant. In the inquiry of the LD50 groups of male Swiss rats (n = 10) were given orally 5.0 g/kg, and 2.0 g/kg intraperitoneally, of the water fraction of the leaves (WFL) of Cissus sicyoides L. Blood was removed through brachial plexus after seven days, for laboratory analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters. In the anatomopathological study, the animals had been examined macro and microscopically, with dissection of lung, heart, liver and kidneys. For analysis of the data techniques of descriptive and inferencial statistics had been used. In the evaluation of the hematological and biochemical parameters of the Swiss rats, alterations in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (FAL) had been detected, characterizing the demonstrated hepatic alterations in the histopathological study. In the histological evaluation of the rats's liver, submitted to the poisoning, reactionary hepatitis with chronic linfocity portite was proven and to lobular multifocal, hiperplasia kupferiana, focal collapses of the reticular tram, absence of fibrosis, absences of cellular atipias and reactionary subcapsulite. The acute pre-clinical toxicological study demonstrated hepatic alterations in rats.

Biciclogermacreno, resveratrol e atividade antifúngica em extratos de folhas de Cissus verticillata (L) Nicolson & Jarvis (Vitaceae) / Bicyclogermacrene, resveratrol and fungitoxic activity on leaves extracts of Cissus verticillata L. Nicolson & Jarvis (Vitaceae)

Cissus verticillata L. (Vitaceae) tem sido empregada popularmente como anti-diabética. Nessa espécie foi também detectada atividade fungitóxica. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a identificação dos compostos fungitóxicos em extratos de folhas. O extrato etanólico foi submetido a fracionamento com solventes de diferentes polaridades (hexano, clorofórmio, acetato de etila e butanol) e seu efeito antifúngico foi analisado frente a Cladosporium sphaerospermum. Os extratos em clorofórmio e acetato de etila mostraram atividade, e foram fracionados por cromatografia em coluna e cromatografia preparativa em placas de sílica, respectivamente. Três terpenóides foram isolados do extrato em clorofórmio; um deles foi identificado, por análise em CG-EM, como um sesquiterpeno, o biciclogermacreno. O composto ativo do extrato em acetato de etila foi identificado, por análises em CLAE, como o estilbeno resveratrol.

Cissus verticillata L. (Vitaceae) is popularly employed as hypoglicemic and it shows fungitoxic activity. This work aims at identification of fungitoxic compounds on extracts of leaves. The ethanol extract was partitioned using solvents of different polarities (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol) and its fungitoxic activity was analysed upon Cladosporium sphaerospermum. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed activity and they were fractionated by column chromatography and preparative TLC, respectively. Three terpenoids were isolated from the chloroform extract, one of them identified by GLC-MS analysis as sesquiterpene bicyclogermacrene. The active compound of the ethyl acetate extract was identified by HPLC analyses as stilbene resveratrol.

Gastroprotective effect of Cissus quadrangularis extract in rats with experimentally induced ulcer.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Most of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin cause gastric ulcer. In order to study the gastroprotective effect of Cissus quadrangularis extract (CQE), this study was undertaken on aspirin-induced ulcerogenesis in pyloric ligated (ASP-PL) model in rats. METHODS: To assess the possible antiulcer effect of CQE, lesion index, gastric secretions glycoprotein levels, non-protein sulphydryls (NPSH) and adherent mucus content were determined in ASP-PL induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. RESULTS: Pretreatment with CQE significantly prevented the gastric mucosal lesion development and decreased the gastric toxicity produced by ulcerogen. In addition, ulcerated rats showed depletion of gastric wall mucus, glycoproteins and NPSH levels whereas treatment with CQE reverted this decline in ASP-PL induced rats. Histological studies confirmed the results. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The present finding suggests that CQE promotes ulcer protection by the decrease in ulcer index, gastric secretions and increase in the glycoprotein level, gastric mucin content and NPSH concentration. CQE may protect the gastric mucosa against ulceration by its antisecretory and cytoprotective property.